Trichosanthes Tricuspidata (Bitter Snake Gourd) Benefits, Medicinal Uses and Side Effects

As part of our Traditional Chinese Herbs series, I came across this funny sounding plant called Trichosanthes Tricuspidata and I decided to research about it and write this article.

Trichosanthes Tricuspidata, a plant known for its medicinal properties – and often overlooked – has been used in traditional medicine for centuries. It’s not just another plant, but a powerhouse of health benefits.

This article is a comprehensive guide to the benefits, medicinal uses, and side effects of Trichosanthes Tricuspidata. By the end of it, you’ll have a thorough understanding of Trichosanthes Tricuspidata, its benefits, how to use it, and what side effects to watch out for.

Quick Overview

What is Trichosanthes Tricuspidata (Bitter Snake Gourd)?

Trichosanthes tricuspidata, a climbing vine that belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae, is native to the tropical regions of Asia.

Characterized by its strong tendrils, this species thrives in a variety of habitats, including open forests and grasslands.

The plant is recognized for its significant role in traditional medicinal systems such as Ayurveda and Siddha.

The leaves of Trichosanthes tricuspidata are typically palmate, which means they are shaped like an open hand with five or more lobes emanating from a central point.

The flowers are strikingly white, with a characteristic fringed appearance that adds to the plant’s aesthetic value. Moreover, as a dioecious species, you will find individual plants bearing either male or female flowers.

• Morphology: Woody and climbing, reaching heights of 5-20 meters
• Leaves: Palmate, multi-lobed
• Flowers: Dioecious, white, fringed
• Fruits: Orange-red when ripe

Trichosanthes tricuspidata produces fruits that are revered for their medicinal uses. These fruits exhibit an orange-red color upon maturation and contain seeds that contribute to the plant’s biodiversity by spreading to new areas.

As part of the Cucurbitaceae family, the plant’s morphology is similar to other members, with vines that are robust and capable of climbing with the aid of tendrils.

Medicinal Uses and Healthcare Applications

Trichosanthes tricuspidata is a versatile plant used extensively in various medicinal treatments. Your understanding of its applications could provide valuable insights into alternative healthcare options.

Traditional Medicine and Homeopathy

In traditional medicine, the fruits of Trichosanthes tricuspidata are often used for their medicinal properties. They are typically used for the treatment of fever and rheumatism, a testament to their anti-inflammatory potential.

Practitioners of Unani medicine also value the fruits as a carminative, aiming to relieve gastrointestinal discomfort.

Diseases treated:

• Asthma
• Ozena
• Earache

Unani and Homeopathy:

• Carminative effects
• Treatment for intranasal crusting

Modern Therapeutic Uses

Studies suggest that extracts from the plant have been used in the treatment of diabetes, as well as to mitigate symptoms related to lung diseases. [1]

The presence of certain compounds in the plant has spurred interest in its application in drug manufacturing for cancer treatment, although this is an ongoing area of research.

Medicinal Uses:

• Anti-diabetic effects
• Lung disease symptoms relief

Potential in Drug Manufacturing:

• Investigated for cancer treatment applications

Phytochemical Composition

Trichosanthes tricuspidata, contains a diverse range of phytochemicals. These bioactive compounds contribute to its therapeutic potential.

The plant is particularly rich in cucurbitacins and cucurbitane glycosides, which are touted for their potent biological activities.

One of the most significant classes of compounds in this plant is glycosides, substances that upon hydrolysis yield one or more sugars along with other components. Cucurbitane-type glycosides, extracted from Trichosanthes tricuspidata, are noted for their potential anticancer and immune-stimulatory effects.

Trichosanthes tricuspidata also has saponins, known for their ability to foam in water. These compounds are linked to beneficial effects on cholesterol levels and cancer prevention.

Additionally, alkaloids present in this plant exhibit a range of pharmacological activities, including antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory actions.

Flavonoids and terpenoids, two other prominent phytochemicals, have shown considerable antioxidant activity. These antioxidants play a role in combating oxidative stress, which is implicated in numerous chronic diseases.

Furthermore, tannins are also present; these polyphenolic compounds have been investigated for their anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties.

Lastly, Trichosanthes tricuspidata is also a source of proteins and iNOS (Inducible nitric oxide synthase), contributing further to its nutritive and therapeutic significance. The detailed examination of these phytochemicals can elucidate their roles in the plant’s medicinal use and pave the way for the development of new pharmacological agents.

💡 Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is a specific enzyme that is responsible for the production of nitric oxide (NO) in the body

For more in-depth information on the phytochemical and pharmacological profile of Trichosanthes tricuspidata, refer to the relevant scientific literature.

Health Benefits and Therapeutic Properties (Backed By Research)

Trichosanthes tricuspidata, often recognized for its medicinal properties, is a medicinal plant that provides a range of health benefits. This climber, part of the Cucurbitaceae family, is not just a traditional tonic but also boasts compounds like saponins and alkaloids which contribute to its therapeutic efficacy.

1. It is high in antioxidants

Trichosanthes tricuspidata is widely known for its antioxidant activity. [2]

This medicinal plant contains bioactive compounds that have been reported to mitigate oxidative stress, which is crucial in protecting your body from chronic diseases.

It’s the saponins and alkaloids present that endow the plant with these properties, offering a natural means to combat inflammation and bolster overall health.

Studies suggest that the leaf extract, in particular, can significantly reduce inflammatory responses in the body.

2. It is anti-inflammatory

According to studies, the ethanol extract of Trichosanthes tricuspidata showed anti-inflammatory effects by reducing nitric oxide production and mRNA levels of inflammatory markers in macrophages.

It also inhibited the nuclear translocation of various transcription factors and downregulated signaling pathways involved in inflammation. In vivo studies confirmed its anti-inflammatory activity in mouse models. [3]

3. Helps With Diabetes

Trichosanthes tricuspidata demonstrates potential as an antidiabetic agent. Your diet may benefit from the inclusion of this plant as it helps regulate blood sugar levels.

In a preliminary study published in the Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology concluded that the ethanolic extract of Trichosanthes tricuspidata root showed anti-diabetic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic rats, as it significantly lowered blood sugar levels, and phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, glycosides, and terpenoids. [4]

4 Has Anticancer Potential

Additionally, the presence of a compound named trichosanthin has shown promise in inhibiting cancer cell growth. [5] [6] [7]

Its ability to target and neutralize cancer cells without harming healthy cells is a cornerstone of ongoing anticancer research, indicating its potential use in conventional medicine.

5. Can Reduce Fever

Trichosanthes tricuspidata has been traditionally used as a medicinal plant for its antifever properties. [8]

The plant has also been reported to have antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal properties and has been used for curing fever. [9] [10]

The ethanol extract of Trichosanthes tricuspidata roots showed maximum antibacterial activity against Klebisilla pneumonia. [11]

6. May Help Lower Cholesterol Levels

Trichosanthes tricuspidata has been found to have an effect on cholesterol levels. In a study conducted on mice fed a high-fat diet, it was observed that treatment with Trichosanthes tricuspidata significantly reduced liver cholesterol levels. [12]

7. Boosts The Immune System

Studies have shown that Trichosanthes tricuspidata extracts can modulate the activity of immune cells, such as macrophages, T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. [13]

Macrophages are key immune cells involved in phagocytosis and pathogen destruction, while T cells and NK cells play roles in adaptive immunity and defense against viruses and tumor cells.

Trichosanthes tricuspidata has also been investigated for its antimicrobial properties. The plant contains various phytochemicals, including triterpenoids, alkaloids, and saponins, which exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities. These properties could contribute to its traditional use in treating infections.

While most studies on Trichosanthes tricuspidata’s immune effects have been made in cell cultures or animal models, some human studies have provided preliminary evidence of its potential benefits.

One study investigated the effects of Trichosanthes tricuspidata extract on the immune response of elderly individuals with a weakened immune system. The study showed that the extract could enhance the activity of immune cells and improve immune function.

Side Effects and Toxicity Concerns

When considering the use of Trichosanthes tricuspidata, it’s important for you to be aware of possible side effects and toxicity concerns. Although often used in traditional medicine, the plant compounds, if misused, could lead to adverse health consequences.

Side Effects

• Abortifacient: This herbal product may act as an abortifacient, meaning it could induce abortion. If you are pregnant, you should avoid using this plant.
• Emetic Properties: Trichosanthes tricuspidata can serve as an emetic—a substance causing vomiting—if taken in inappropriate doses.

Toxicity

Remember, while the medicinal benefits of Trichosanthes tricuspidata can be valuable, your safety comes first. Consult with health professionals to weigh the benefits against potential risks.

Culinary Uses and Cultural Significance

Trichosanthes tricuspidata, commonly known as the snake gourd, is not only valued medicinally but also plays a role in culinary traditions across various regions, predominantly in tropical and subtropical Asia.

In countries like India and China, where the plant is native, different parts of the plant are incorporated into food items.

In India, the young shoots and fruits of Trichosanthes dioica, also known as the pointed gourd or parwal, are popular vegetables.

They are often cooked in curries and fried dishes. The fruit has a mild flavor and is believed to have cooling properties. Its culinary use extends to being stuffed with spices or mixed with other vegetables.

• T. cucumerina, another variety, is similar and used in local dishes.
• The leaves of T. bracteata are used in local recipes.

Snake gourd can be prepared in numerous ways:

• Boiled
• Stir-fried
• Made into soups

The seeds and fruit pulp are also edible when cooked and are said to have carminative and purgative properties. Traditionally, the fruit was also seen as a remedy for phlegm.

Due to its cultural significance, particularly in India and parts of China, snake gourd is often featured in festivities and religious ceremonies.

The vegetables from the Trichosanthes family are not just a source of nourishment but are intertwined with the cultural fabric, symbolizing a fusion of nutrition and heritage.

Bottom Line

Trichosanthes tricuspidata is indeed a versatile and “rich” plant considering its wide medicinal and culinary uses and benefits.

I’ve never tried one myself? Have you? What it taste’s like? I would love to hear your feedback in the comments section below.

Read Next

ℹ️ FoodNourish is reader-supported. When you buy through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission without any surcharge to you.